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Mumbai, often referred to as the city of dreams, is grappling with the challenge of redeveloping one of its most iconic but impoverished areas – Dharavi. The Maharashtra government’s recent proposal to allocate 283.4 acres of salt pans in Bhandup and Kanjurmarg for the Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP) has sparked a heated debate. 
These salt pans, acting as vital open spaces and rainwater holding ponds, are now at the center of a controversy as they are slated to be leased to DRP Private Limited, a special purpose vehicle formed by Adani Realty, for a staggering 99 years.
Adani Group Secures Approval for Dharavi Redevelopment Project including Salt Pans
The Maharashtra government has officially approved Adani Properties for the ambitious redevelopment of Dharavi, Asia’s second-largest slum cluster. The decision, outlined in a government resolution dated July 13, marks the final endorsement of Adani Realty’s bid, declared the highest bidder eight months ago.
With an initial investment commitment of Rs 5,069 crore, Adani Realty now has a seven-year timeline to execute the extensive project, including the rehabilitation of over 56,000 families. The estimated cost of the redevelopment is approximately Rs 23,000 crores, encompassing 2.8 sq.km. and aiming to resettle around 68,000 slum dwellers and commercial enterprises.
The completion period for construction, renewal, amenities, and infrastructure is set at seven years from the commencement certificate for the first phase, ushering in a transformative phase for Dharavi.
The Proposal
The state cabinet’s approval of the proposal has paved the way for the Maharashtra government to submit it to the Centre. The salt pans, crucial for their ecological significance, are primarily owned by the Centre and partly by the state.
The land, situated along the eastern express highway, includes sections like Arthur Salt Works, Jenkins Salt Works, Jamasp Salt Works, and Agar Sulemansah land. The proposed plan involves leasing these salt pans to DRP Private Limited, raising questions about the long-term environmental impact and the fate of slum dwellers who might be affected.
The Need for Redevelopment
Dharavi, often labelled as Asia’s largest slum, represents the stark economic inequalities that define Mumbai. The Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP) emerges as a light of hope, seeking to transform this area into a modern urban center, thereby uplifting the living standards of its residents.
Spearheaded by DRP Private Limited in partnership with Adani Realty, the project aims to provide 350 sq feet houses to Dharavi inhabitants, representing a substantial increase compared to the typical sizes offered in other urban poor housing initiatives. This promise reflects an ambitious effort to break free from the shackles of cramped living spaces that have characterized slum dwellings.
Despite the laudable goals, the redevelopment plan has encountered significant backlash and raised valid concerns. Environmentalists worry about the potential ecological impact on the salt pans earmarked for the project. The ecological sensitivity of these areas, coupled with the historical significance of salt pans in flood prevention, adds layers of complexity to the development initiative.
The proposed changes underscore the intricate challenge of balancing the imperative for urban renewal with the need for environmental preservation and the protection of vulnerable communities.
Environmental and Ecological Implications
A key aspect of the controversy surrounds the ecological sensitivity of the salt pans. A committee appointed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) previously identified encroachments on about 100 acres of ecologically sensitive salt pan land. Mangroves have replaced portions of the salt pans, raising alarms about the potential destruction of these vital ecosystems.
Environmentalists argue that the salt pans fall under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) provisions and wetland rules, emphasizing the need to protect them.
D Stalin, an environmentalist from NGO Vanshakti, expresses concern over the government’s decision, stating, “Builders in Mumbai have been eyeing salt pan lands for a while, and if allowed it will mark the end of these spaces in MMR.” He contends that the government can pursue Dharavi’s development without compromising Mumbai’s precious open spaces.
Historical Significance and Flood Protection
Salt pans in Mumbai have a vital history, especially in the face of the 2005 floods. These areas, primarily found in the eastern suburbs, acted like shields, stopping floodwaters from causing widespread damage. Nandkumar Pawar, an environmentalist, points out that many salt pan leases have ended, creating room for debates. Previous suggestions to use a 315-acre space for affordable housing raised worries about harming the environment.
The significance of these salt pans goes beyond just housing. During the 2005 floods, they played a crucial role in protecting the eastern suburbs. However, with leases expiring and new development proposals, concerns arise about potential ecological harm.
It’s a delicate balance between addressing housing needs and safeguarding the environment. The discussion around these salt pans reflects the broader challenge of balancing urban development with preserving natural resources and historical protective mechanisms. The decisions made will not only shape the city’s future but also impact the environment and the well-being of its residents.
Social Implications and Opposition
Previous attempts to assign two plots in Mulund for transit camps met strong resistance from local residents who opposed the idea of having slum dwellers nearby. This situation highlights the bigger challenge of finding a middle ground between urban development plans and the worries of the local community.
The proposed affordable rental housing policy, designed for residents in Dharavi who don’t qualify for free housing, sparks concerns about the potential impact on people and the criteria for eligibility.
The opposition from Mulund residents reflects a common struggle faced by cities when implementing development projects that may change the dynamics of local neighbourhoods. It’s essential to consider the views and concerns of residents to create solutions that benefit everyone.
The proposed rental housing policy in Dharavi adds another layer of complexity, prompting questions about who might be affected and how the eligibility criteria are determined. Balancing the needs of the community with broader urban development goals is crucial for creating sustainable and inclusive solutions.
Transformative Benefits of the Redevelopment Initiative
In the pursuit of urban renewal, the Dharavi Redevelopment Project aims to revolutionize living standards, offering larger homes, economic opportunities, and inclusive policies for the vibrant community in Dharavi.
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Improved Living Conditions:
The Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP) promises to provide 350 sq feet houses to Dharavi residents, a significant increase from the average size offered in other urban poor housing projects. This means residents will have more spacious and comfortable living quarters.
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Modern Urban Infrastructure:
The redevelopment aims to transform Dharavi into a modern urban center, implying upgraded infrastructure with better amenities such as sanitation, water supply, and electricity. This contributes to an overall improvement in the quality of life for the residents.
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Increased Housing Accessibility:
The collaboration between DRP Private Limited and Adani Realty seeks to address the housing needs of Dharavi inhabitants. By offering larger houses, the project aims to accommodate more families, reducing overcrowding and providing a more sustainable living environment.
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Economic Opportunities:
The redevelopment could potentially create economic opportunities within the transformed Dharavi. Improved infrastructure and modernization may attract businesses, fostering economic growth and offering residents new prospects for employment and entrepreneurship.
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Resettlement and Rehabilitation Support:
The government has committed to providing support for the resettlement and rehabilitation of salt pan workers, ensuring that the redevelopment does not adversely affect the livelihoods of those currently employed in the salt pan industry.
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Inclusive Housing Policy:
The proposed affordable rental housing policy targets ineligible residents in Dharavi, offering accommodation based on defined norms. This ensures that even those who may not qualify for free tenements receive housing support, promoting inclusivity in the redevelopment initiative.
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Environmental Considerations:
While controversial, the redevelopment aims to strike a balance between urban development and environmental preservation. By focusing on specific areas for redevelopment, the project seeks to minimize the ecological impact on sensitive environments like salt pans.
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Potential Social Integration:
The redevelopment may contribute to social integration by breaking down physical and social barriers within Dharavi. Modern housing and infrastructure can foster a sense of community and shared spaces, promoting a more interconnected and supportive neighbourhood.
It’s important to note that while the project holds potential benefits, it also faces challenges and concerns that need careful consideration to ensure a balanced and sustainable transformation for the residents of Dharavi.
As of the available information, specific details regarding the timelines for starting and completing the Dharavi Redevelopment Project, whether it will be completed phase-wise, and the total cost of the project remain undisclosed. The lack of these crucial details raises concerns about the transparency and planning of the project.
Regarding the businesses and livelihoods thriving in Dharavi, the current information doesn’t provide clarity on relocation or provisions for these enterprises. The absence of a comprehensive plan for the transition of existing businesses and livelihoods poses challenges to the project’s success and raises questions about the potential impact on the vibrant economic ecosystem within Dharavi.
For the project to be successful and inclusive, it is imperative that the authorities provide detailed timelines, clarify whether the implementation will be phased, disclose the total project cost, and establish clear provisions for the relocation and preservation of existing businesses and livelihoods. Community engagement and transparent communication are essential to address the concerns and ensure the smooth execution of the Dharavi Redevelopment Project.
Challenges & Solutions
The Maharashtra government’s proposal to convert salt pans in Bhandup and Kanjur for the Dharavi Redevelopment Project raises complex questions about environmental conservation, social justice, and sustainable urban development. As the proposal moves to the Centre for consideration, it is essential to engage in a comprehensive dialogue that considers the concerns of environmentalists, local communities, and experts in urban planning. Balancing the need for development with the preservation of Mumbai’s last surviving open spaces is a delicate task that requires careful consideration and community involvement. The outcome will not only shape the future of Dharavi but also set a precedent for responsible and sustainable urban development in India’s bustling metropolises.